Suchergebnisse

Purpose
– This study aims to investigate the impact of total primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions on the economic development in 16 emerging countries.


Design/methodology/approach
– The panel model was used taking the period 1980-2008.


Findings
– The results showed that a long-run relationship is present between total primary energy consumption, CO2 emission, and economic development in the countries under investigation. It was also found that both total primary energy consumption have a positive causal relationship with the economic development and other economic aspects playing an important role in achieving high economic performance with the consequence of higher pollution.


Practical implications
– The main recommendation of this study is to increase their investment and government spending on green energy projects to increase the share of green energy out of their total energy consumption. This can be considered a good solution for their energy woes.


Originality/value
– Different from the previous studies, it was also found that total primary energy consumption have a positive causal relationship with the economic development and other economic aspects playing an important role in achieving high economic performance with the consequence of higher pollution. In addition, there are a number of countries that had not investigated before.

WOS: 000447220700021 ; PubMed: 30182312 ; We investigate the role of military expenditure on emission in USA during the period 1960-2015. To achieve the objectives of this study, two measures of military expenditure are utilised, while several timeseries models are constructed with the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population, energy consumption per capita, non-renewable energy consumption per capita, renewable energy consumption per capita, urbanisation, trade openness and financial development serving as additional determinants of air pollution. We also use ecological indicator as an alternative measure of pollution. Moreover, different timeseries methods are utilised including a likelihood-based approach with two structural breaks. The output of this research concluded that all the variables are cointegrated. It is found that military expenditure has mixed impact on CO2 emissions. Real GDP per capita, energy consumption per capita, non-renewable energy consumption per capita, population and urbanisation increase CO2 emissions per capita in the long-run, while renewable energy consumption, financial development and trade openness reduce it. There is also evidence for the mixed role of military expenditure, when ecological footprint is utilised as the environmental degradation index. From the output of this research, few policy recommendations are offered for the examined country.

In this study, we use a more accurate and comprehensive indicator of financial development to examine the link between financial development and tourist arrivals and expenditures in the top 20 tourist destination countries over the period of 1995–2017. By applying the panel augmented mean group method and controlling for other determinants of tourist arrivals, the overall results revealed that financial development positively influences tourism development. On the contrary, economic growth and countries price levels have no significant effects on tourism development. At the country level results; financial development has positive effects on tourism development in most countries. However, gross domestic product growth and consumer price index have a significant in few countries only. Therefore, the outcome of this study reveals that that visitors do not consider the development and the price level of the country but rather the facilities available including the facilities in the financial structures.